A massive opportunity for a Maintenance Engineer to join a global company based in Kidderminster. With an annual turnover of £3.5 billion my client is the world market leader in its sector. They have over 200 plants worldwide in over 30 different countries, including 16 in the UK. 

My client is looking for a multi-skilled maintenance engineer to join their 4 on / 4 off continental shift at one of their biggest UK sites. Loaded with benefits and a great salary package, if this job sounds appealing to you, please read on. 

Maintenance Engineer Benefits:

• £49,000 (Rising with grading system).  
• Premium OT. 
• Company pension. 
• Share scheme. 
• Health and wellbeing. 
• Life assurance. 
• Training and progression. 

Maintenance Engineer Duties: 

• Continentals (4 on / 4 off). 
• Carrying out essential maintenance to plant and equipment. 
• Attend breakdowns. 
• Keeping CMMs up to date. 
• Keeping downtime to a minimum. 
• Involved with project work. 
• Ensure machine and plant safety standards are kept. 

Maintenance Engineer Requirements: 

• NVQ Level 3 or equivalent in an engineering discipline. 
• Must be electrically qualified. 
• Must be multi-skilled. 
• Familiarity with Siemens S7 PLC’s. 
• Hydraulic and Pneumatic experience. 
• Mig and Arc welding. 
• Fabrication experience. 
• Experienced maintenance in a manufacturing environment.
• Heavy engineering experience (advantageous). 

This is a huge opportunity for a Maintenance Engineer so please apply to find out more details. 

This Maintenance Engineer position is commutable from: Kidderminster, Stourbridge, Dudley, Worcester, Bromsgrove, Droitwich, Stourport and surrounding areas. 

A massive opportunity for a maintenance engineer to join a global company based in Kidderminster. With an annual turnover of £3.5 billion my client is the world market leader in its sector. They have over 200 plants worldwide in over 30 different countries, including 16 in the UK. 

My client is looking for a maintenance engineer to join their 4 on / 4 off continental shift at one of their biggest UK sites. Loaded with benefits and a great salary package, if this job sounds appealing to you, please read on. 

Maintenance Engineer Benefits:

• £46,800 (Rising to £52,000+).  
• Premium OT. 
• Company pension. 
• Share scheme. 
• Health and wellbeing. 
• Life assurance. 
• Training and progression. 

Maintenance Engineer Duties: 

• Continentals (4 on / 4 off). 
• Carrying out essential maintenance to plant and equipment. 
• Attend breakdowns. 
• Keeping CMMs up to date. 
• Keeping downtime to a minimum. 
• Involved with project work. 

Maintenance Engineer Requirements: 

• NVQ Level 3 or equivalent in an engineering discipline. 
• Hydraulic and Pneumatic experience. 
• Mig and Arc welding. 
• Fabrication experience. 
• Experienced maintenance in a manufacturing environment.
• Heavy engineering experience (advantageous). 

This is a huge opportunity for a Maintenance Engineer so please apply to find out more details. 

This Maintenance Engineer position is commutable from: Kidderminster, Stourbridge, Dudley, Worcester, Bromsgrove, Wolverhampton, and surrounding areas. 
 

SENIOR QUALITY ENGINEER

We are offering an exceptional opportunity for a SENIOR QUALITY ENGINEER

This is an exciting Organisation to be part of, you would be joining a prestigious, state of the Art manufacturing organisation.  We are very much at the forefront of brand -new technology.

We have been providing pioneering technologies and products to our customers worldwide for a number of years now, out teams are accomplished teams of experts, highly specialised in the development, industrialisation and production.

We are the market leader and committed to delivering high-quality products and services to our customers. We are looking for a motivated and detail-oriented Senior Quality Engineer to join our team. This role will oversee Supplier Quality Assurance (SQA), Production Quality, and Metrology functions, ensuring adherence to quality standards while driving continuous improvements

Commutable from Birmingham, Coventry, Henley-in-Arden, Redditch, Studley, Stratford-upon-Avon, Solihull, Tamworth, Sutton Coldfield, Atherstone, Redditch, and Curdworth 

KEY BENEFITS

• Salary: £50,000
• Free parking on site
• Employee discount (reward gateway)
• Yearly incentive bonus paid out in December 
• Long service award after 4 years of service 
• Cycle to work scheme.
• Access to BEN (charity for automotive workers)
• Flexible start & finish times
• Death in service (once passed probationary period)
• 25 Days Holiday (Bank Holidays on top), increasing to 26 days after 1 calendar year, then increasing to 28 after 5 years
• 12pm finish Friday
• Company contributory pension
• Highly prestigious brand, products and customers
• Pristine and modern working environment
• Market leader with more continued growth predicted

RESPONSIBILITIES

• As Senior Quality Engineer, you will play a critical role in managing quality processes, leading a team of professionals, and driving improvements in product quality and efficiency. This role requires a strong leader with experience in quality assurance, problem-solving methodologies, and effective communication across teams and with customers.
• Key Responsibilities:
•  Manage and guide employees within the SQA and Production Quality teams, ensuring effective collaboration and alignment with organizational goals.
• Quality Standards Development: Define and implement local Business Unit (BU) quality standards, including work instructions, limit sample lists, and inspection plans, in coordination with BU Production Quality.:
• Conduct weekly quality improvement meetings to review product quality metrics, scrap rates, and error analyses.
• Drive the Continuous Improvement Process (CIP) and corrective action implementation to reduce scrap and improve quality outcomes.
• Lead and coordinate the 8D problem-solving process for quality complaints.
• Manage internal documentation and update customer portals for complaint resolution.
• Generate and present 8D reports, ensuring thorough root cause analysis and effective corrective actions.
• Attend daily Production Quality meetings and monthly Team Leader meetings with senior management to report KPIs.
• Occasional Supplier / customer visits

REQUIREMENTS

• Significant Senior Quality Engineering experience
• Proficiency in Quality standards and methodologies (8D, FMEA, Control Plans and PPAP’s) 
• Familiarity with metrology and techniques
• Strong leadership qualities
• Experience with Supplier visits
• Excellent analysis, attention to detail 
• To have the ability to coordinate 
• All manufacturing backgrounds are considered 
• Customer facing with superb communication skills

If you would like to be part of a growing success story, where there are unrivalled career prospects for you with truly exciting products, send your CV NOW!

Company

With nearly 50 years of experience behind them, this is a global company that continues to grow, having doubled in size over the last five years. They consider themselves to be agile and highly innovative, embracing the technology associated within the industry.  The business has a strong family culture which provides a positive working environment where employees feel valued and trusted. They are big advocates of personal development, growth and progression, with many success stories of this across the company. 

Quality Engineer Salary, Hours and Benefits

• £32,000
• 37.5 hours per week
• The chance to join a hypergrowth business
• Up to 10.5% company pension
• 10% company bonus
• 33 days holiday (including bank holidays)
• Cash health plan
• A modern, forward-thinking place to work

Commutable From: Wolverhampton, Birmingham, Walsall, Dudley, Kidderminster  

Role Overview

Reporting to the Lead Customer Quality Engineer, the Quality Engineer will design, develop, inspect and improve the quality standards of operational processes and manufacturing outputs supporting all the businesses customers. You will use your knowledge of quality control systems and troubleshooting skills to implement appropriate quality measures, meeting quality specifications and complying with safety regulations.

Candidate Requirements

• The Quality Engineer will have at least 3 years’ experience in a similar quality role within a manufacturing environment. 
• Internal Auditor – ISO 9001:2015 minimum requirement. Lead auditor would be an advantage. 
• Membership of Chartered Quality Institute would be advantageous. 
• HNC/HND or NVQ Level 4 Qualified Mechanical Engineer desirable. 
• Lean Six Sigma, 8-D problem solving, Kaizen, 5-WHY, Fishbone experience (one or some of these would be useful).  
• Experienced in using ERP systems, and Microsoft Office Suite. Salesforce experience would be advantageous. 
• Metrology and CMM experience preferred but not essential.
• A positive and flexible approach to working time and travel (occasional travel incl. overseas may be needed).

Key Responsibilities (but not limited to)

• The Quality Engineer will oversee customer cases to ensure action is taken within the allocated time frame and that issues are resolved through recognised problem-solving techniques to lower the number of customer complaints to within an agreed level. 
• Be the first point of contact when Quality Assistance is required in dealing with manufacturing, supply chain and customer related issues. 
• Maintain all quality specification documentation within the quality system, including the creation and maintenance of technical specifications, work instructions, procedures, and other documentation where necessary. 
• Provide guidance, review, and support on improvements to production and process controls, including handling of nonconformities through ICAR and 8D processes. 
• Ensure that Root Cause Analysis is being carried out in a timely manner and to provide support to the rest of the team as required. 
• Conduct internal audits in-line with the requirements of the Internal audit schedule. Support the Quality Manager in audit follow-up through to closure of any minor/major NCRs raised during the audit. 
• Provide knowledge on advanced techniques to ensure that assurance is designed into products and processes, including Design/Process FMEA, Statistical Process Control, Gauge R&R Studies, and Lean Six Sigma. 
   

A fantastic opportunity for a maintenance engineer to join a global manufacturing company based near Stourport. My client is a multi-national UK firm supplying to stores across the UK and Europe.   

My client is looking for looking for a maintenance engineer to join their afternoon shift, who will be responsible for the maintenance and repair of all production equipment, keeping down-time to a minimum. 

Maintenance Engineer Role Benefits:

• Salary £41,511
• 25 Days + BH 
• Company pension with Scottish Widows. 
• Free eyecare. 
• Death in service. 
• Critical illness cover. 
• Big retailer discounts. 
• Holiday purchase scheme. 
• Volunteering days. 
• Training opportunities. 

Maintenance Engineer Duties include:

• Monday – Friday (14:00-22:00) 
• Ensure all machines are running at all times.
• Diagnose and repair machine faults.
• Respond to breakdowns. 
• Carryout TPM and PPM work. 
• Open communication with shift leaders. 
• Reduce downtime and increase efficiency.

 
Maintenance Engineer Requirements include: 

• Recognised electrical qualifications. 
• PLC fault finding abilities. 
• Hydraulics and Pneumatics experience. 
• Ability to read circuit diagrams.
• Experience with conveyors. 
• Single and Three phase power supplies. 
• AC and DC Drives. 

An overall brilliant opportunity to join a very well-established company in the Kidderminster area. If this sounds like the ideal opportunity for you please apply to find out more details.  

This Maintenance Engineer position is commutable from:  Kidderminster, Dudley, Bridgnorth, Droitwich Spa, Worcester, Bromsgrove, Stourport, Redditch and surrounding areas.

A fantastic opportunity for a maintenance engineer to join a global manufacturing company based near Stourport. My client is a multi-national UK firm supplying to stores across the UK and Europe.   

My client is looking for looking for a maintenance engineer to join their night shift, who will be responsible for the maintenance and repair of all production equipment, keeping down-time to a minimum. 

Maintenance Engineer Role Benefits:

• Salary £53,273.25
• 25 Days + BH 
• Company pension with Scottish Widows. 
• Free eyecare. 
• Death in service. 
• Critical illness cover. 
• Big retailer discounts. 
• Holiday purchase scheme. 
• Volunteering days. 

Maintenance Engineer Duties include:

• Sunday – Thursday (22:00 – 06:00). 
• Ensure all machines are running at all times.
• Diagnose and repair machine faults.
• Respond to breakdowns. 
• Carryout TPM and PPM work. 
• Open communication with shift leaders. 
• Reduce downtime and increase efficiency.

 
Maintenance Engineer Requirements include: 

• Recognised electrical qualifications. 
• PLC fault finding abilities. 
• Hydraulics and Pneumatics experience. 
• Ability to read circuit diagrams.
• Experience with conveyors. 
• Single and Three phase power supplies. 
• AC and DC Drives. 

An overall brilliant opportunity to join a very well-established company in the Kidderminster area. If this sounds like the ideal opportunity for you please apply to find out more details.  

This Maintenance Engineer position is commutable from:  Kidderminster, Droitwich Spa, Worcester, Bromsgrove, Stourport, Redditch and surrounding areas.

We are a well established and highly regarded manufacturing business with a track record of providing top quality products into a stable industry sector. With a low staff turnover, we offer a stable and supportive work environment for our employees. 

Benefits: 

As a valued member of our Maintenance team, you will enjoy the following salary and benefits:

• Starting Salary of £47,500 
• Paid Overtime at Premium Rates
• Company Funded Pension & Life Assurance
• Company Funded Sick Pay
• Onsite Parking 
• Working within a Stable Manufacturing Environment, Supporting a Wide Variety of Plant and Equipment

Duties of a Maintenance Technician

The role will see you working within a team undertaking both planned and reactive maintenance to plant and equipment and would ideally suit an engineer with experience of supporting plant and equipment within either a manufacturing, process or production environment. 

Requirements of a Maintenance Technician

• Proven experience in undertaking planned and reactive maintenance to plant and equipment within either a manufacturing, process or production environment.
• Hold a Multi skilled ability, ideally with some exposure to supporting Plc Controls, CNC or Robot Technology.
• Hold City & Guilds or NVQ accreditation within either an Electrical or Mechanical Discipline. 
• Ideally be Apprentice trained.

The Maintenance Technician role is commutable from Alvechurch, Bromsgrove, Driotwich, Hartlebury, Kidderminster, Redditch, Stourport on Severn & Worcester. 

Company

With nearly 50 years of experience behind them, this is a global company that continues to grow, having doubled in size over the last five years. 

They consider themselves to be agile and highly innovative, embracing the technology associated within the industry.  The business has a strong family culture which provides a positive working environment where employees feel valued and trusted.

The business are big advocates of personal development, growth and progression, with many success stories of this across the company. 

About You

You will be a process led, diligent CNC Programmer / Engineer, with an eye for quality and detail as well as good background skills in workload management and communication.

Able to demonstrate experience in mechanical engineering, preferably in a similar environment or industry. An ability to work and resolve issues within the production environment, quickly and accurately is a must.

Salary, Hours and Benefits

• £34,000 - £37,000 (dependant on experience)
• 7:30am – 4:00pm Monday – Thursday, 1:00pm finish on Friday’s
• The chance to join a very successful and growing business
• Up to 10.5% company pension
• Company bonus
• 33 days holiday (including bank holidays)
• Cash health plan

Commutable From: Wolverhampton, Birmingham, Walsall, Dudley, Kidderminster  

Candidate Requirements

• An experienced Machinist with CNC (VMC/Milling) programming ability.
• Up-to-date knowledge of programming, setting and operating 3 axis CNC cutting machines.
• Autodesk Fusion 360 programming software experience would be useful.
• Working experience working within a tool room / plant and equipment maintenance environment.
• Good knowledge and practical understanding of mechanical engineering applications in product assembly, jigs and fixtures, plant and equipment.
• Able to read and interpret engineering drawings, machining and finish specifications. PC skills and experience of packages such as Excel and Standard Analyses: Nav, Creo, Windchill, DXF, Cad viewing packages. 
• Be able to use and operate a wide range of manual machines such as millers, grinders, saws etc.
• MIG/TIG welding experience in the workplace.
• Experience of contributing to small group activities to drive improvement ideas. 

Role Overview

• The CNC Programmer will programme, set and operate a variety of 3 axis CNC Machines for component and fixturing manufacture and assembly.
• As part of a small in-house team, the CNC Programmer will play an equal part supporting production with modified or bespoke machined components made from a variety of materials from nylon through to stainless steel, as well as working on longer term continuous improvement projects that require machined content (i.e. tooling, fixturing etc).
• Reporting into the Manufacturing Engineering Manager, the CNC Programmer will work cross functionally with Production Leadership, Planning and Manufacturing Engineering teams to ensure production requirements for short turn-around components are met. 
• You will work within the Tool room / Plant Maintenance function, in addition supporting the wider production operation in areas such as jigs and fixture repair, equipment maintenance and prototyping.

The Company

This is a great opportunity with a world leading supplier in their field, who are privately owned and with operations in 20 countries. In the UK, they develop and manufacture bespoke products, with over 90% being exported.

They have this exciting opportunity to become a key member of their dedicated UK external sales team, where you will be responsible for the account management and growth of the business, along with a responsibility for the achievement of turnover and profit margin targets across the Midland’s region.

Please Note: The Area Sales Manager must have proven sales experience within either; Instrumentation, Sensors, Valves, Pumps, Pneumatics or similar.

Area Sales Manager Package and Benefits

• £50,000 + bonus
• Company car
• Work from home role
• 37.5 hours, 8:30am – 5:15pm, 1:00pm finish on Friday’s (with flexible hours)
• 24 days holiday, increasing with service, plus paid birthday leave
• Life Assurance 4x salary, enhanced sick pay, private medical insurance, professional subscriptions

Area Sales Manager Candidate Requirements

• Proven sales experience within either; Instrumentation, Valves, Pumps, Pneumatics or similar. 
• ONC in Electrical / Instrumentation (highly advantageous but not essential).
• Degree in Engineering would be advantageous.
• A clean driving license.
• Has a good proven track record of field sales background.
• Strong negotiating skills and capacity.
• Ability and willingness to follow instructions of management and respond to requests from others in the team in a helpful manner.
• Strong written and verbal communication skills.

Area Sales Manager Key Responsibilities

• Manage the market share within allocated geographic areas, industries or accounts in the Midland’s region.
• Develop and expand on a long-term basis certain nominated and parent company established Global accounts within the area of responsibility.
• Continuous focus, action and target setting for developing new business and building new customer bases in the Midlands region.
• Accountable for the establishment of both annual and monthly sales objectives in coordination with the Company’s strategic plan.
• Follow-up leads generated by marketing activities.
• Implementation of the sales and marketing plans.
• Assist in the reporting and forecasting functions monthly, as well as assisting in the reporting, controlling, forecasting, and managing of the allocated industries and accounts within the areas of responsibility.
• Provide an Industry and product reporting package as determined by Company Management.
• Expected to be knowledgeable of market and industry trends, competitors, and leading customer strategies. 
• Maintain appropriate data and information on the company CRM system 
• Other duties as determined by the Regional Sales Manager.

Company

With nearly 50 years of experience behind them, this is a global company that continues to grow, having doubled in size over the last five years. 

They consider themselves to be agile and highly innovative, embracing the technology associated within the industry.  The business has a strong family culture which provides a positive working environment where employees feel valued and trusted.

The business are big advocates of personal development, growth and progression, with many success stories of this across the company. 

Role Overview

The Manufacturing Engineer will define, develop & implement equipment, processes and standards of working for application within the production environment.

Forming part of the company global operations and reporting into the Manufacturing Engineering Manager, the Manufacturing Engineer will work cross functionally with Product Design and Testing, Supply Chain, Production Engineering, Plant Maintenance and Quality functions and be instrumental in ensuring robust design and development of manufacturing and production systems and processes in a planned and intentional manner, working ahead of business operational requirements strategically.

Salary, Hours and Benefits

• £40,000 - £43,000 (dependant on experience)
• 7:30am – 4:00pm Monday – Thursday, 1:00pm finish on Friday’s 
• The chance to join a very successful hypergrowth business
• Up to 10.5% company pension
• Company bonus
• 33 days holiday (including bank holidays)
• Cash health plan

Commutable From: Wolverhampton, Birmingham, Walsall, Dudley, Kidderminster  

Candidate Requirements

• HND or equivalent qualification in Mechanical / Manufacturing Engineering or similar qualification
• Working experience in a high speed, high pressure electro-mechanical manufacturing and production environment within a Manufacturing Engineering function is essential
• Hands on experience in use and application of PFMEA, Control Plan and Process Flow tools
• Strong track record in continuous improvement and project management
• Experience of Industrial design and Engineering (Factory layout, assembly process development)
• Proven aptitude for detail, process control and documentation.
• Demonstrate ability to work with commercial acumen and consideration within manufacturing design and development

About you

• The Manufacturing Engineer will be a process led, proactive and pragmatic engineer with a good eye for detail
• Good background skills in project, task and prioritisation management and communication
• Able to demonstrate experience in an electro-mechanical environment at a practical level, preferably in a similar industry
• You will have a background in process design and development that includes a strong understanding of whole-of-factory level impact and commercial considerations with regard to large change projects as well as continuous improvement initiatives

Key Responsibilities

• Planning, managing and delivering manufacturing programmes for process, equipment, tooling and factory layout improvements, as well step-change ground-up projects
• Engineering solutions for manufacturing and production that deliver benefits in efficiency, quality and accuracy both today and for the future state
• Managing and planning product changes (quality cost and time justification for and against within manufacturing, supporting NPI as part of a cross functional business wide team)
• Future design and development of factory layout scenarios and process flow design in line with operational strategy
• Supporting production engineering with longer term continuous improvement projects
• Development of manufacturing standards, processes and measures in line with the business performance that can be translated globally across Operations

Desirable Experience

Any of the below would be useful but aren’t essential:
Experience in using AutoCAD or similar plant layout design CAD software, Working knowledge of production lean methodologies and associated tools i.e. OEE, TPM, 5S, Experience of working with quality management systems within manufacturing and production, Practical application of industry standard problem-solving tools i.e. 8D, 5Y, Team and project leadership experience in similar environment or role, Background and experience in automation solutions for production in similar industry or environment, Experience in jig and tool design, Ability to read and produce engineering drawings

TOOLMAKER REQUIRED DAYS

We are offering a role for a TOOLMAKER, to work on a permanent DAYS position.

Established for many many years, offering a range of different manufacturing processes, such as pressings, stampings, welding, and CNC Machining, providing products into a wide variety of different manufacturing industry sectors.

We specialise in high-quality products, to meet the exacting demands of industries worldwide.

Commutable from Birmingham, Wolverhampton, Walsall, Dudley, Wombourne, Coven, Shiftnal, Norton Canes, Aldridge, Pelsall, Telford, Stourbridge, Handsworth and Kidderminster

KEY BENEFITS

• Salary: £30,000
• Quarterly Bonus
• Plenty of free parking on site
• Overtime Paid
• Days
• Lunchtime 12 noon Friday finish
• Recent investment
• Long established and stable business
• Charity events
• Friendly, supportive team

RESPONSIBILITIES for TOOLMAKER

• Manufacture, repair, and maintain tools, dies, jigs, and fixtures.
• Work from technical drawings and specifications to ensure precise tolerances and high-quality results.
• Operate a variety of manual machinery including lathes, milling machines, and grinders.
• Inspect and test finished products to ensure they meet strict quality standards.
• Collaborate with engineers and production teams to optimize tooling solutions and improve production processes.
• Maintain a safe and organized workspace, adhering to health and safety regulations.

REQUIREMENTS for TOOLMAKER

• Proven experience as a Toolmaker or relevant role in a manufacturing setting.
• Ability to interpret and work from complex technical drawings.
• Strong knowledge of general Toolroom equipment and materials.
• Excellent attention to detail and commitment to quality.
• Strong problem-solving skills and ability to work independently.

If you would like to be part of a growing success story, where there are unrivalled career prospects for you with truly exciting products, send your CV NOW!

CNC MACHINE SHOP MANAGER

We are offering an exceptional opportunity for an experienced CNC Machine Shop Manager.

A well -established organisation, who supply into a multitude of different industry sectors, now has a requirement for a CNC Machine Shop Manager.

Easy to get to, outside the Clean Air zone, this is a fantastic opportunity to be part of a friendly, supportive team.  

You may be a CNC Programmer, who is looking to step up your career.  This is a superb opportunity to embrace a role that can offer management opportunities.

Reporting directly to the Managing Director, you will be responsible for day-to-day planning, problem solving and operation of the machine shop.

UK BASED EXPERIENCE ONLY CAN BE CONSIDERED

Why Join Us?

• Opportunity to be an integral part of our growing team 
• Room for growth and career advancement 
• Collaborative, down to earth, and supportive work environment 
• Enabling you to contribute to a diverse range of projects

COMMUTABLE FROM: - Sutton Coldfield, Birmingham, Dudley, Coventry, Dudley, Halesowen, Kidderminster, Lichfield, Walsall, Wolverhampton and Moseley

BENEFITS

• £55,000 - £63,000
• Day’s role
• Lunchtime finish Friday
• 25 Days holiday
• Company Pension
• Annual Bonus
• On site parking
• Staff discounts
• Private healthcare
• Friendly, well established, stable business

DUTIES

• Day to day planning, problem solving and operation of the Machine Shop
• Identification for areas for improvements
• Ensure team meets the required performance targets
• Day to day planning
• Performance and development appraisals and identification of training needs
• Working closely with designers and customers to provide technical input
• Programming /Offline Programming using CADCAM software
• CNC Setting and Operating
• Day to day running of the Machine Shop
• Contribute to monthly management meetings

REQUIERMENTS

• Previous experience of managing / supervising a CNC Machine Shop environment
• You may be looking to step up your career, this would be a fabulous opportunity to do so 
• A hands-on CNC background with Setting, Operating and Programming abilities
• To be able to thrive under pressure
• Adaptable and flexible
• Excellent problem solver

What are you waiting for? Send your CV asap to be considered.